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Are platypus marsupials or mamals12/25/2023 ![]() ![]() Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. A C-type natriuretic peptide from the venom of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus): structure and pharmacology. ![]() A pharmacological and biochemical investigation of the venom from the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Australian National University 1998ĭe Plater G, Martin RL, Milburn PJ. Fractionation, primary structural characterisation and biological activities of polypeptides from the venom of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Sydney: Angus & Robinson Ltd 1927.ĭe Plater G. Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom gland transcriptome: analysis of gene expression profile. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.īoldrini-França J, Rodrigues RS, Fonseca FPP, et al. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The paper concludes by providing insights into how these venom peptides could be developed into novel therapeutics for human use. It first provides an overview of the genes and molecules involved in venom production and focuses on how these molecules explain the symptoms of envenomation: allodynia, hyperalgesia, swelling and changes to blood pressure. This paper reviews the current literature on platypus venom, focusing primarily on recent advances which have been made since the sequencing of the platypus genome and venom gland transcriptome. Venom delivery is believed to provide individuals with an advantage over conspecifics throughout the breeding season. During the breeding season they are able to deliver venom through spurs located on their hind legs. Mammals have three: the malleus, incus, and stapes.Is a monotreme, an egg-laying mammal, found only in Australia. Other vertebrates possess only one middle ear bone, the stapes. These bones are present in mammals, but they have been modified to function in hearing and form bones in the middle ear (Figure 1). In mammals, the dentary bone joins the skull at the squamosal bone, while in other vertebrates, the quadrate bone of the jaw joins with the articular bone of the skull. The jaws of other vertebrates are composed of more than one bone. The lower jaw of mammals consists of only one bone, the dentary. The skeletal system of mammals possesses many unique features. Bones of the mammalian inner ear are modified from bones of the jaw and skull. Mammary glands likely are modified sebaceous or eccrine glands, but their evolutionary origin is not entirely clear. While male monotremes and eutherians possess mammary glands, male marsupials do not. Mammary glands produce milk that is used to feed newborns. Apocrine glands, or scent glands, secrete substances that are used for chemical communication, such as in skunks. Sweat glands are located over most of the body surface in primates. However, in primates, especially humans, sweat figures prominently in thermoregulation, regulating the body through evaporative cooling. In most mammals, eccrine glands are limited to certain areas of the body, and some mammals do not possess them at all. Eccrine glands produce sweat, or perspiration, which is mainly composed of water. Sebaceous glands are located over most of the body. Sebaceous glands produce a lipid mixture called sebum that is secreted onto the hair and skin for water resistance and lubrication. Mammalian integument, or skin, includes secretory glands with various functions. Hair can also provide protective coloration or be part of social signaling, such as when an animal’s hair stands “on end.” These attach to nerves that transmit information about sensation, which is particularly useful to nocturnal or burrowing mammals. Along with insulation, hair can serve as a sensory mechanism via specialized hairs called vibrissae, better known as whiskers. Hair traps a layer of air close to the body, retaining heat. Mammals are endothermic, and hair provides insulation to retain heat generated by metabolic work. Although it is not very extensive on certain species, such as whales, hair has many important functions for mammals. The presence of hair is one of the most obvious signs of a mammal. ![]()
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